|
The Restoration of the monarchy began in 1660. The Commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland (1649-60) resulted from the Wars of the Three Kingdoms but collapsed in 1659. Politicians such as General Monck tried to ensure a peaceful transition of government from the "Commonwealth" republic back to monarchy. From 1 May 1660 the English, Scottish and Irish monarchies were all restored under King Charles II. The term ''Restoration'' may apply both to the actual event by which the monarchy was restored, and to the period immediately before and after the event. ==End of the republic== With the collapse of The Protectorate in England during May 1659 the republic which had been forced upon Ireland by Oliver Cromwell quickly began to unravel. Royalists planned an uprising in Ireland and sought to turn Henry Cromwell and Lord Broghill (who was in contact with the King's court in the summer of 1659) towards the cause but the plan came to aught.〔Little, Patrick ''Lord Broghill and the Cromwellian union with Ireland and Scotland'' Boydell Press (2004) p173〕〔Clarke, Aidan ''Prelude to restoration in Ireland: the end of the Commonwealth, 1659-1660'' Cambridge University Press (1999) p49〕 Henry Cromwell left Ireland in June 1659. Broghill showed reluctance to declare for the King, but nevertheless republicans were suspicious of him following Booth's revolt in England in 1659.〔''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography'' volume 7 (2002) p 111〕 Sir Theophilus Jones, a former soldier under Charles I of Ireland and governor of Dublin during the republic, seized Dublin Castle with a group of officers and declared for Parliament.〔Harris, Tim ''Restoration:Charles II and His Kingdoms 1660-1685'' Allen Lane (2005) p88〕 Sir Charles Coote seized Galway. Lord Broghill held firm in Munster. On 9 January 1660 a council of officers declared Edmund Ludlow a traitor 〔Clarke, Aidan ''Prelude to restoration in Ireland: the end of the Commonwealth, 1659-1660'' Cambridge University Press (1999) p137〕 and he fled to England. The regicide Hardress Waller re-took Dublin Castle in February 1660 but with little support he surrendered to Sir Charles Coote. Waller along with fellow regicide John Cook was arrested and sent to England. The officers in Dublin supported General Monck. The army was purged of radicals and a Convention Parliament called.〔Harris, Tim ''Restoration:Charles II and His Kingdoms 1660-1685'' Allen Lane (2005) p88〕 Coote sought to move the Convention Parliament towards restoration, but his rival Broghill did not openly declare for the King until May 1660. In February 1660 Coote sent a representative to King Charles II in the Netherlands and invited him to make an attempt on Ireland, but the King regarded it as inexpedient to try and reclaim Ireland before England.〔''Dictionary of National Biography'' 1887 volume 12 page 157〕 At the same time Broghill sent his brother to invite the King to land at Cork.〔T. W. Moody, F. X. Martin, F. J. Byrne ''A New History of Ireland, Volume III: Early Modern Ireland 1534-1691'' Oxford University Press (1976) p420〕 In March 1660 a document was published asking for the King's return, "begged for his forgiveness, but stipulated for a general indemnity and the payment of army arrears"〔T. W. Moody, F. X. Martin, F. J. Byrne ''A New History of Ireland, Volume III: Early Modern Ireland 1534-1691'' Oxford University Press (1976) p420〕 Following events in England Charles was proclaimed King of Ireland in Dublin on 14 May without any dissent. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Restoration (Ireland)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|